These vessels carry bulk crude oil in tanks.
Tankers of less than 100,000 dwt are referred to as either "clean" or "dirty". Clean tankers carry refined petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene or jet fuels, or chemicals. The so-called dirty vessels transport products such as heavy fuel oils or crude oil. Larger tankers usually only carry crude oil.
Panamax
Size: 50,001 - 80,000 dwt
Approximate 32.2m beam limitation
This is the maximum size ship that can pass through the locks of the Panama Canal. Locks are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. Panamax dimensions are: overall length (LOA) of 965ft (290m); beam of 106ft (32.3m); draft of 39.5ft (12.04m).
Aframax
Size: 80,000 - 119,000 dwt
This is the largest crude oil tanker size in the AFRA (Average Freight Rate Assessment) tanker rate system.
Suezmax
Size: 120,000 dwt - 150,000 dwt
This is the maximum size crude oil ship that can pass through the Suez Canal in Egypt.
Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)
Size: 150,000 - 320,000 dwt
These are very large crude oil carriers that transport crude oil from the Gulf, West Africa, the North Sea and Prudhoe Bay to destinations in the United States, Mediterranean Europe and Asia. Although VLCCs are otherwise too large, it is possible to ballast these vessels through the Suez Canal.
Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)
Size: 321,000+ dwt
These are the largest man-made vessels that move. Currently, the largest ULCC is 564,939 dwt. These ships sail the longest routes, typically from the Gulf to Europe, the United States and Asia. They are so large that they require custom-built terminals for loading and unloading.
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